Scale library · Technology & information systems

UTAUT2 scale: Venkatesh, Thong & Xu (2012)

UTAUT2 was developed by Venkatesh, Thong and Xu (2012) to move UTAUT from organizational to consumer settings, tested with mobile internet users in Hong Kong. Besides UTAUT's four factors, it adds hedonic motivation, price value and habit; habit affects both intention and use. Age, gender and experience are moderators. It is a popular model for theses on e-wallets, food delivery apps, mobile shopping and online learning by individual users.

Cite the original, not the blog.

Original English items

Items marked (R) are reverse-coded: recode them before computing reliability or scale scores. Replace bracketed placeholders such as [system] with the name of the system, brand or organization you study.

Performance Expectancy (PE, 3 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
PE1 I find [mobile Internet] useful in my daily life. No
PE3 Using [mobile Internet] helps me accomplish things more quickly. No
PE4 Using [mobile Internet] increases my productivity. No

Effort Expectancy (EE, 4 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
EE1 Learning how to use [mobile Internet] is easy for me. No
EE2 My interaction with [mobile Internet] is clear and understandable. No
EE3 I find [mobile Internet] easy to use. No
EE4 It is easy for me to become skillful at using [mobile Internet]. No

Social Influence (SI, 3 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
SI1 People who are important to me think that I should use [mobile Internet]. No
SI2 People who influence my behavior think that I should use [mobile Internet]. No
SI3 People whose opinions that I value prefer that I use [mobile Internet]. No

Facilitating Conditions (FC, 4 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
FC1 I have the resources necessary to use [mobile Internet]. No
FC2 I have the knowledge necessary to use [mobile Internet]. No
FC3 [mobile Internet] is compatible with other technologies I use. No
FC4 I can get help from others when I have difficulties using [mobile Internet]. No

Hedonic Motivation (HM, 3 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
HM1 Using [mobile Internet] is fun. No
HM2 Using [mobile Internet] is enjoyable. No
HM3 Using [mobile Internet] is very entertaining. No

Price Value (PV, 3 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
PV1 [mobile Internet] is reasonably priced. No
PV2 [mobile Internet] is a good value for the money. No
PV3 At the current price, [mobile Internet] provides a good value. No

Habit (HT, 3 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
HT1 The use of [mobile Internet] has become a habit for me. No
HT2 I am addicted to using [mobile Internet]. No
HT3 I must use [mobile Internet]. No

Behavioral Intention (BI, 3 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
BI1 I intend to continue using [mobile Internet] in the future. No
BI2 I will always try to use [mobile Internet] in my daily life. No
BI3 I plan to continue to use [mobile Internet] frequently. No

Use (USE, 6 items)

Code Item wording Reverse-coded
USE1 SMS No
USE2 MMS No
USE3 Ringtone and logo download No
USE4 Java games No
USE5 Browse websites No
USE6 Mobile e-mail No

Response scale

7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree … 7 = Strongly agree). Use behavior is measured as frequency, from 'never' to 'many times per day'.

Licence and permission

The items are published in the appendix of the academic article and widely used in research. Cite the original article; we found no permission requirement for non-commercial academic use.

Sources (APA 7)

Vietnamese translation

A Vietnamese translation of every item, with sample-size advice and studies that used the scale, is on the Vietnamese page for this scale.

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